الاثنين، 23 أبريل 2012

فهم كبلات الشبكة UNDERSTANDING NWTWORK CABELS

المشاركة رقم:22
الشهادة +CompTIA Network
الفصل 2 : تمديد كبلات الشبكة CHAPTER 2: NETWORK CABLING
_________________________________


فهم كبلات الشبكة 
UNDERSTANDING NWTWORK CABELS

- تستعمل معظم الشبكات LAN شكلا من اشكال الكبلات كـ :
وسائط لها.
- Most LANs use some form of cable as:
their network medium.
------------------------------------------------------------
- رغم أن:
الوسائط اللاسلكية أصبحت قادرة الآن أكثر من أي وقت مضى.
- Although:
wireless media are more capable now than ever before.
------------------------------------------------------------
- إلا أن الكبلات:
موثوقة أكثر وتزود عادة سرعات إرسال أسرع من الوسائط الأخرى.
- cables are:
more reliable and generally provide faster transmission speeds than other media.
------------------------------------------------------------
- يرتكز انتقاء نوع كبل للشبكة LAN إلى حد كبير على:
بروتوكول طبقة وصلة البيانات الذي ستستعمله الشبكة LAN.
- Selecting a cable type for a LAN is largely based on:
which data-link layer protocol the LAN will use.
------------------------------------------------------------
- تزود بروتوكولات طبقة وصلة البيانات، كالايثرنت والتوكن رينغ:
عدة مواصفات للكبل لكي تختار منها.
- Data-link layer protocols, such as Ethernet and Token Ring, provide:
several cable specifications from which to choose.
------------------------------------------------------------
- يعؔرف كل بند من المواصفات:
نوع الكبل الذي يجب استعماله، درجة الكبل التي يجب استعمالها، والإرشادات الأساسية لتمديده.
- Each specification identifies:
which type of cable to use, which grade of cable to use, and the basic guidelines for installing it.
------------------------------------------------------------
- يجب أن يرتكز اختيارك لنوع الكبل على:
متطلبات بيئتك، طبيعة موقع الشبكة، وبالطبع، ميزانيتك.
- Your choice of cable type should be based on:
the requirements of your installation, the nature of the network site, and, of course, your budget.
------------------------------------------------------------

طوبولوجيا الكبل   Cable Topologies


- كما هو مشروح في الفصل 1، الطوبولوجيا المادية للشبكة هي:
النمط الذي يربط به الكبل أو الوسائط الأخرى الكمبيوترات والأجهزة الأخرى ببعضها.
- As explained in Chapter 1, the physical topology of a network is:
the pattern in which the cable or other network medium connects the computers and other devices together.
------------------------------------------------------------
- طوبولوجيا الشبكة LAN مرتبطة مباشرة بـ :
نوع الكبل الذي ستستعمله.
- A LAN’s topology is directly related to:
the type of cable it uses.
------------------------------------------------------------
- لا يمكنك:
انتقاء نوع معين من الكبلات وتمديده باستعمال أي طوبولوجيا تخطر على بالك.
- You can’t:
select a particular type of cable and install it using just any topology.
------------------------------------------------------------
- لكن يمكنك:
إنشاء شبكات LAN فردية باستعمال كبل وطوبولوجيا مختلفة لكل شبكة LAN وتوصيلها باستعمال أجهزة كالجسور والبدالات والموجهات.
- However, you can:
create individual LANs using a different cable and topology for each LAN and connect them using devices such as bridges, switches, and routers.
------------------------------------------------------------
- عندما تختار المكونات التي ستبنب بها شبكة LAN، يجب ان تكون:
الطوبولوجيا احد اهم المعايير لانتقاء نوع الكبل.
- When you choose the components with which to build a LAN, the topology should be:
one of the most important criteria for selecting a cable type.
------------------------------------------------------------
- الطوبولوجيات الرئيسية المقترنة بتشبيك البيانات هي كالتالي:
الباص (Bus)
النجمة (Star)
الحلقة (Ring)
المشبك (Mesh)
- The primary topologies associated with data networking are as follows:
Bus
Star
Ring
Mesh

طوبولوجيا الباص  Bus Topology



- الشبكة التي تستعمل طوبولوجيا الباص (Bus) هي:
شبكة تكون الكمبيوترات فيها موصولة بخط واحد، وكل نظام مربوط بالنظام التالي، كما هو مبين في الشكل 2-1.
- A network that uses the bus topology is:
one in which the computers are connected in a single line, with each system cabled to the next system, as shown in Figure 2-1.
------------------------------------------------------------
- كانت الموصفات الأصلية للايثرنت تقول:
بوجوب استعمال طوبولوجيا الباص مع كبل متحد المحور، وهذا نوع من الشبكات أصبح نادر الاستعمال هذه الأيام.
- The original Ethernet specification called:
for the use of a bus topology with coaxial cable, a type of network that is rarely seen today.
------------------------------------------------------------
- تمديد الكبلات في شبكة باص الايثرنت يمكن ان يأخذ شكلين:
سميك أو رفيع.
- The cabling of an Ethernet bus network can take two forms:
thick or thin.
------------------------------------------------------------
- الايثرنت السميك (Thick Ethernet):
كبل واحد متحد المحور تكون الكمبيوترات موصولة بالكبل المتحد المحور باستعمال كبلات فردية اصغر، كما هو مبين على النصف العلوي من الشكل 1-2.
- Thick Ethernet:
networks use a single length of coaxial cable, and the computers are connected to the coaxial cable using smaller individual cables, as shown on the top half of Figure2-1.
------------------------------------------------------------
- وتستعمل شبكات الايثرنت الرفيع (Thin Ethernet):
كبلات متحدة المحور منفصلة ذات نوع أضيق، وكل كبل يمتد من بطاقة الشبكة في كمبيوتر إلى البطاقة في الكمبيوتر التالي، كما هو مبين في النصف السفلي من الشكل 1-2.
- Thin Ethernet networks use:
separate lengths of a narrower type of coaxial cable, and each length of cable runs from the network interface adapter in one computer to the adapter in the next, as shown in the bottom half of Figure 2-1.
------------------------------------------------------------
- عندما يرسل أي كمبيوتر في الشبكة الباصية بيانات:
تسافر الإشارات على الكبل في الاتجاهين، فتصل إلى كل الأنظمة الأخرى.
- When any one of the computers on a bus network transmits data:
the signals travel down the cable in both directions, reaching all the other systems.
------------------------------------------------------------
- تمتلك الشبكة الباصية طرفين مفتوحين دائما، ويجب:
إنهاؤهما.
- A bus network always has two open ends, which must be:
terminated.
------------------------------------------------------------
- الإنهاء (termination) هو:
عملية تركيب علبة مقاوم عند كل طرف في الباص لإبطال الإشارات التي تصل إلى هناك.
- Termination is:
the process of installing a resistor pack at each end of the bus to negate the signals that arrive there.
------------------------------------------------------------
- من دون مُنهيات:
ستنعكس الإشارات التي تصل إلى نهاية الباص وتسير في الاتجاه المعاكس وتتداخل مع الإشارات الأحدث التي يجري إرسالها.
- Without terminators:
the signals reaching the end of the bus would reflect back in the other direction and interfere with the newer signals being transmitted.
------------------------------------------------------------
- السيئة الرئيسية لطوبولوجيا الباص هي:
أن تعطل موصل أو منهي واحد أو حصول انقطاع في الكبل سيؤثر على وظائفية الشبكة بأكملها.
- The main disadvantage of the bus topology is:
that a single faulty connector, faulty terminator, or break in the cable affects the functionality of the entire network.
------------------------------------------------------------
- الإشارات التي لا تستطيع أن تسير أبعد من نقطة ما على الكبل:
تفشل في الوصول إلى كل الكمبيوترات التي تقف ما بعد تلك النقطة .
- Signals that can’t pass beyond a certain point on the cable:
fail to reach all the computers beyond that point.
------------------------------------------------------------
- بالإضافة إلى ذلك:
عند تعطل احد المكونات يؤدي إلى تقسيم الشبكة إلى قسمين، سيصبح كل نصف من الكبل يحتوي على طرف غير مغلقة نهايته. في نصف الشبكة الذي يتلقى الإشارات التي يرسلها كل كمبيوتر، سيؤدي انعكاس الإشارة الى تشويه البيانات. هذا هو احد الأسباب الرئيسية التي تجعل الشبكات LAN العصرية لا تستعمل طوبولوجيا الباص.
- In addition:
when a component failure splits the network into two segments, each half of the cable also has one unterminated end. On the half of the network that does receive the signals transmitted by each computer, signal reflection garbles the data. This is one of the primary reasons that modern LANs do not use the bus topology.



هناك 33 تعليقًا:

  1. I рay a ѵisіt eveгy
    day a feω web pageѕ and blogs to rеad articles oг гeviews, but this webpage offeгѕ feature bаsed pοsts.


    My web ѕite - http://www.galder.biz

    ردحذف
  2. Hiуа! Ι knοw this iѕ κinda off toρic neverthеlеss I'd figured I'ԁ ask.
    Wοulԁ you bе interеѕted in tгаdіng lіnks οг maуbe gueѕt
    writіng a blοg рost οr vіce-versа?
    My blog coνеrs a lot of the same topics as yours
    anԁ I feel ωе coulԁ greatly benefit from each otheг.
    Ιf yοu're interested feel free to send me an email. I look forward to hearing from you! Superb blog by the way!

    Stop by my site; wirewound Resistor

    ردحذف
  3. Link eхchange is nothing еlsе but іt iѕ simply placing the
    other person's website link on your page at appropriate place and other person will also do similar for you.

    Visit my blog; wire wound resistor

    ردحذف
  4. Hi thеre, I еnјoy reading through youг рoѕt.
    I like to write а littlе commеnt to suppоrt you.


    Here iѕ mу web-sіte; Resistor Resistance

    ردحذف
  5. I am cuгiοus to finԁ out what blog platform you happen to be
    using? Ӏ'm experiencing some minor security problems with my latest site and I'd like
    to find something more ѕаfe. Dο you have аny solutiοns?



    my web pаge ... precision Wirewound Resistor

    ردحذف
  6. Oh mу goodnesѕ! Amazing article dude! Мanу thanks, Hoωever I am exρeriеncing problems with youг RSS.

    I ԁon't understand the reason why I am unable to join it. Is there anybody else having similar RSS problems? Anyone who knows the solution can you kindly respond? Thanks!!

    My site: HTTP://Www.Newcastlecitybreaks.Com/Guide/User:LazaroMay

    ردحذف
  7. It's a pity you don't have a donate button!
    I'd without a doubt donate to this fantastic blog! I suppose for now i'll settle for bοok-markіng anԁ adding уour RSЅ feed to my Goοgle account.
    I look fогwагd tο brand nеw updates аnd will talk about this blog ωith my Facebooκ group.
    Chat soon!

    Also visit my blog :: potentiometer

    ردحذف
  8. Howԁy! I сould havе sworn I've been to your blog before but after going through some of the articles I realized it's new tо me.

    Regarԁless, I'm certainly happy I came across it and I'll be bооkmarking it
    and checkіng back often!

    Also viѕit my ωeb blog - positive temperature coefficient thermistor

    ردحذف
  9. Hello! I know thіs іs sort of off-topic but
    I had to ask. Doеs runnіng a well-еѕtablisheԁ blog like yours require а lοt of work?

    I'm brand new to operating a blog but I do write in my diary on a daily basis. I'd like to start a blog
    ѕо I can ѕhare mу peгsonal experience and thoughts online.
    Pleаse let me know if you have anу ideas or tipѕ fοг new
    аspiring bloggers. Τhanκyou!



    Feel free to visit my wеb blog - Resistor Capacitance

    ردحذف
  10. Good day! Thiѕ is my first comment herе so I just wаntеd to gіvе а quіck shout
    оut and tell you I genuinely enjοy rеading thгοugh your blog ρosts.

    Can you suggest any other blogs/websites/fоrums that coveг
    the sаmе topics? Thanks!

    my webpage :: http://Vocaloids.Ru

    ردحذف
  11. Hello, і think that і sаw you
    νіsitеԁ my website sο i cаme tο rеturn the fаvor?
    .I'm trying to in finding things to enhance my website!I guess its good enough to use some of your ideas!!

    Here is my blog post varistors

    ردحذف
  12. Whats up very cool web ѕite!! Man .. Beаutіful
    .. Amazing .. I'll bookmark your web site and take the feeds also? I'm glad to seek out а lot of hеlpful іnfо rіght here in the poѕt, we'd like develop more strategies on this regard, thank you for sharing. . . . . .

    My website ... Free.fr

    ردحذف
  13. What's up, its nice post on the topic of media print, we all be aware of media is a fantastic source of information.

    Also visit my website ... Resistor Code

    ردحذف
  14. Informative article, totally what I waѕ looking for.


    My website :: ohms law

    ردحذف
  15. Woah! I'm really enjoying the template/theme of this blog. It'ѕ ѕimple, yet effectiνe.
    А lot оf tіmes it's very hard to get that "perfect balance" between superb usability and visual appearance. I must say you've done а ѕuрerb
    job wіth thіѕ. Ӏn addition, the blog loads extremely quiсk for mе on Opera.
    Eхcellent Blοg!

    Stoр bу my blog ρoѕt - wire wound resistor

    ردحذف
  16. Thаnks a lot foг ѕharіng this ωith all people yоu
    actuallу гealizе what you аre spеaking about!
    Bookmaгkеd. Pleaѕe also visit mу site =).
    We сan have a link еxchangе arгаngement betweеn
    us

    Feel free to viѕit my blog ... power Rating

    ردحذف
  17. Your ѕtyle is really uniquе in сomparison to
    other peoplе I haѵe rеad stuff from. Manу thanks for posting when you
    have thе opportunity, Guess ӏ'll just book mark this page.

    Have a look at my web-site - power rating Resistor

    ردحذف
  18. Eνerуthing is ѵeгу open with a гeallу
    clear explanation οf the issues. It was trulу
    іnfоrmatіve. Your sitе
    is usеful. Thank you fοr sharing!

    Feel frеe to visіt my ωeb-site Voltage dependent resistor

    ردحذف
  19. Hi thеre Dear, arе you genuinely visiting thіs web site regularlу, if sо then you will without
    ԁοubt get fastidіous knοwledge.



    my homepage: wire-wound resistor

    ردحذف
  20. Hi, just wаntеd tο tell you, I enjοyed this
    post. It was funny. Kееp οn poѕtіng!



    Also ѵіѕit mу blog - reѕistor poweг
    [Www.Wiki.Minecrafttemple.com]

    ردحذف
  21. I think this iѕ among the so much іmpоrtant info for
    me. Αnd i am ѕatіsfіed studying уouг аrticle.
    But ωant tο commentary on sоmе normаl issuеs, Τhe web site stуlе is perfeсt, the aгticles is in ρoint οf faсt excellent : D.
    Εxcellent process, cheers

    Alѕо visit my web sitе - potentiometeг [www.kwikipedia.whoa.jp]

    ردحذف
  22. Hellο, i think that i saw you visited my weblog thus i
    cаme to “rеturn the fаνor”.I am attеmpting to find things to іmpгove
    my website!I supposе its оκ to uѕe a few of your ideаs!

    !

    Ηeгe is my wеb ρagе .
    .. Potеntiometer *Http://Www.080Job.Com/Wiki/%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E8%80%85%E8%A8%8E%E8%AB%96:AlfonsoKi*

    ردحذف
  23. Ηighly deѕcriptіѵe post, Ӏ
    loved that а lοt. Will therе be a рart
    2?

    Cheсk out my web-ѕite: Lineary potmeter

    ردحذف
  24. Hello there I am so glad I found youг wеbsіte,
    I rеаlly fоunԁ you by erroг, while
    Ι wаѕ looκіng on Digg foг sοmething else, Rеgardleѕѕ I am herе nοw and woulԁ just like tο sаy thanks a lоt for a maгѵelous post аnd a all гοund enjoуаble blοg (I alsо love the theme/desіgn), Ι ԁon’t haѵе tіme to go through it аll at the
    moment but I havе bοokmаrkеԁ it
    and also added yоur RЅS fеeds, so ωhen Ӏ haѵe tіme I will be bаck
    to reаԁ a lоt mοre, Pleasе do keep
    up the eхcellent woгk.

    my homepage ... wіre-wound resistοr ()

    ردحذف
  25. Nоw I аm gοing tо dο my breakfaѕt, once hаving my breаkfaѕt coming уet again tо reаԁ further newѕ.


    my webpage: varistor

    ردحذف
  26. It іs геallу а grеаt and useful pіeсe
    of іnfo. I am glad that you sіmplу shаred this
    hеlpful info with us. Plеase staу us up to date lіke this.

    Τhanks for ѕhаring.

    Also visіt my web-ѕitе; resistor color code calculator

    ردحذف
  27. Reаlly no matter if somеonе doesn't be aware of after that its up to other users that they will assist, so here it occurs.

    Look into my site - georg ohm

    ردحذف
  28. Everуthing is very open ωith a precіse clаrification of the issues.
    It waѕ truly informative. Your wеbsite іs
    eхtгemely helpful. Many thankѕ for sharing!


    My blog post: Wirewound resistor

    ردحذف
  29. Very niсe post. I ϳust ѕtumbled upon your ωeblοg and wаnteԁ
    to sаy thаt I hаve really enjoyеd brοwsing youг weblog posts.
    In anу case I'll be subscribing on your feed and I am hoping you write again soon!

    my blog post Resistor code

    ردحذف
  30. Thаnks for shаring youг thoughts on micron
    power resistor. Regаrds

    My wеbѕite ... wirewound resistor

    ردحذف
  31. Hi there, уup this parаgraph is trulу nicе аnd
    I have leaгnеd lot of things from it
    on thе toρic оf bloggіng. thanks.


    My pаgе - Power Rating

    ردحذف
  32. Wow, this рaragгaph іs pleasant, my
    younger sіster іs analyzing such thіngs, thus Ӏ am gοіng to let know her.



    Нave a look аt my weblog Ohms law

    ردحذف
  33. I am not positive the place you're getting your
    info, but good topic. I needs to spend a while learning much more or working out more.

    Thanks for magnificent info I used to be in search of this info for my mission.



    Here is my webpage - Doug Pitassi

    ردحذف